Having recently worked with this code, in PR 14096 (and indirectly in PR 14112), I happened to notice a pre-existing issue with spreadModes at higher zoom levels.
The `PDFRenderingQueue` code was written back when the viewer only supported "normal" vertical scrolling, and some edge-cases related to spreadModes are thus not perfectly supported. Depending on the zoom level, it's possible that there are "holes" in the currently visible page layout, and those pages will not be pre-rendered as you'd expect.
*Steps to reproduce:*
0. Open the viewer, e.g. https://mozilla.github.io/pdf.js/web/viewer.html
1. Enable vertical scrolling.
2. Enable the ODD spreadMode.
3. Scroll down, such that both pages 1 and 3 are visible.
4. Zoom-in until *only* page 1 and 3 are visible.
5. Open the devtools and, using the DOM Inspector, notice how page 2 is *not* being pre-rendered despite all surrounding pages being rendered.